Template:Citation needed/doc

This is a documentation subpage for Template:Citation needed.
It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original Template page.

[[Category:Template documentation pages{{#translation:}}]]

This template is used on approximately 250,000+ pages.

To avoid large-scale disruption and unnecessary server load, any changes to this template should first be tested in its /sandbox or /testcases subpages or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can then be added to this page in one single edit.

Please consider discussing any changes on the talk page before implementing them.

An introductory version of this documentation is provided at Wikipedia:Citation needed.

{{Citation needed }} (also known by the redirects {{Cn }} and {{Fact }}) is a template used to identify questionable claims in articles that lack a citation to a reliable source. The template produces a superscripted notation like the following:

Humphrey Bogart has won several snooker world championships.^{[citation needed]}.

Humphrey Bogart may have played snooker at some point and may have won a tournament at one time, there is no reliable, published source to verify this. Also it is not common knowledge.

Usage

You may append a date to the template in the following format:

{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}

Notes:

Substitution of this template will automatically fill the date parameter.
If you don't add a date parameter, a bot will date your entry with the month and year at a later time.
The date parameter consists of the name of the current month and the year only, not full dates. The names of the months are capitalised in English. Any deviation from these two rules will result in an "invalid date parameter" error.

It is also recommended to add the (non-displayed) |reason= parameter to leave a better record for future editors. For example, the following usage might be appropriate to the claim that "Humphrey Bogart has won several snooker world championships.":

{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source; Bogart was a famous actor, and his major biographies don't mention snooker.}}

Adding this template to an article places the article into Category:Articles with unsourced statements or a dated subcategory thereof.

Please remove the template when you add a citation for a statement.

Examples

This sentence shows the template used at the end.{{Citation needed|reason=reliable source needed for the whole sentence}}

The above wikitext will render as follows:

This sentence shows the template used at the end.^{[citation needed]}

The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.

When not to use this template

Unsourced or poorly sourced contentious material about living persons should be removed immediately. Do not tag it: immediately remove it. For more information, see the section on poorly sourced contentious material in the policy page Biographies of living persons.

Material that is doubtful, harmful (and possibly slanderous) may be removed immediately, rather than tagged. See Burden of evidence.

The {{Citation needed}} template is intended for use when there is a general question of the verifiability of a statement, or when an editor believes that a reference verifying the statement should be provided. Other templates are available for other or more specific issues, see the list of inline templates. For example, claims that you think are incorrect should be tagged with {{Dubious }}, and those which represent a non-neutral view should be tagged with {{POV-statement }}. Being specific about the nature of the problem will help other editors correct it.

If you have the time and ability to find an authoritative reference, please do so. Then add the citation yourself, or correct the article text. After all, the ultimate goal is not to merely identify problems, but to fix them.

While an editor may add this template to any uncited passage for any reason, many editors object to what they perceive as overuse of this tag, particularly in what is known as "drive-by" tagging, which is applying the tag without attempting to address the issues at all (hit-and-run). Consider whether adding this tag in an article is the best approach before using it, and use it judiciously. Wikipedia's verifiability policy does not require reliable sources for common well-known facts (e.g., "The Moon orbits the Earth"), or that citations be repeated through every sentence in a paragraph. All direct quotations and facts whose accuracy might be challenged (e.g., statistics) require citations. See WP:MINREF for the list of material that is absolutely required to be followed by an inline citation, rather than a general reference or no citation at all.

This template is intended for specific passages that need citation. For entire articles or sections that contain significant material lacking sources (rather than just specific short passages), there are other, more appropriate templates, such as {{Unreferenced }} or {{Refimprove }}.

Do not use this template on policies, guidelines, or other non-article pages.

How to respond to this tag

The addition of this tag is a request for an inline citation to support the tagged statement. If you are able to provide a citation to support the claim, then please do so.

Except for certain kinds of claims about living people, which require immediate production of inline citations, there is no specific deadline for providing citations. Please do not delete information that you believe is correct simply because no-one has provided a citation within an arbitrary time limit. Where there is some uncertainty about its accuracy, most editors are willing to wait about a month to see whether a citation can be provided.

{{Cite quote }}^{[this quote needs a citation]}: for "actual quotations" which need citations to make them proper.
{{Clarify }}^{[clarification needed]}: request clarification of wording or interpretation.
{{Examples }}^{[examples needed]}: request examples for clarification.
{{List fact }}^{[list membership disputed]}: request a citation of a source which justifies inclusion of a given entry in a list.
{{Nonspecific }}^{[not specific enough to verify]}: flag a general, yet factual statement as needing to be made more specific before it can be verified.
{{Page needed }}^{[page needed]}: request a page number for an existing citation.

Highlighting some text that needs a citation

{{Citation needed span }}({{Cn-span }}/{{Fact span }}): Example text^{[citation needed]}: similar, except that it outlines the text that needs a citation with a box.
{{Reference necessary }}: ‹The template Reference necessary is being considered for merging.›

Example text^{[citation needed]}: lightly underlines the text that needs a reference.

Incomplete citations

{{Full }}^{[full citation needed]}: in-line request for full citation, for example when only (Author, YEAR) is given.
{{Page needed }}^{[page needed]}: in-line request for the page number or page numbers in a work such as journal for an existing citation.
{{Season needed }}^{[season & episode needed]}, similar to {{Page needed }}: for missing TV season & episode number.
{{Volume needed }}^{[volume & issue needed]}, similar to {{Page needed }}: for missing journal, newspaper, comic, etc., volume and issue numbers).

Verification

{{Better source }}^{[better source needed]}: flags a statement as requiring a better source.
{{Dead link }}^{[dead link]}: request a fix for a dead external link within a paragraph or a reference citation.
{{Failed verification }}^{[not in citation given]}: source was checked, and did not contain the cited material.
{{Request quotation }}^{[need quotation to verify]}: request a direct quote from an inaccessible source, for verification purposes.
{{Self-published inline }}^{[self-published source?]} or {{Self-published source }} ^{[self-published source]}: flag a source that cites the author.
{{Source need translation }}^{[source needs translation]}: Self explanatory. See WP:NONENG for policy requirements.
{{Verify credibility }}^{[unreliable source?]}: flag a source as possibly being unreliable and/or unverifiable.
{{Verify source }}^{[verification needed]}: request that someone verify the cited source backs up the material in the passage.

Content

{{Definition }}^{[when defined as?]}: flag a definition as being ambiguous/confusing
{{Dubious }}^{[dubious – discuss]}: flag something as suspected of being incorrect
{{Technical-statement }}^[jargon]: ...flag a word or phrase Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable
{{Or }}^{[original research?]}: flag something as possibly containing original research
{{Peacock term }}^{[peacock term]}: Avoid peacock terms too
{{POV-statement }}^{[neutrality is disputed]}: dispute the neutrality of a passage
{{Quantify }}^[quantify]: flag a statement as being vague regarding the amount of something
{{Time fact }}/{{Chronology citation needed }}^{[chronology citation needed]}: request a source confirming or providing the chronology or timeline of a statement
{{Undue-inline }}^{[undue weight? – discuss]}: show that a statement does not ascribe appropriate weight to its sources, according to their prominence; use in preference to...
{{Vague }}^[vague]: flag a statement that is too vague to be unambiguously verifiable.
{{Weasel-inline }}^{[weasel words]}: flag for weasel word cleanup
{{When }}^[when?]: flags a particular time period as being vague or ambiguous
{{Who }}^[who?]: for placement after descriptions of a group of persons
{{Whom }}/{{By whom }}^{[by whom?]}: placement after mention of a vague third party claim that is not sourced
{{Whom? }}^{[according to whom?]}

Timeliness

{{Update after }}^{[dated info]}: a template that only shows itself after a specified time, indicating an exceptional statement that will date quickly.

Article message box templates

{{Cite check }}, article/section may have inappropriate or misinterpreted citations.
{{Refimprove }}, article/section has weak or incomplete sources/references/citations.
{{Unreferenced }}, article/section has no sources/references/citations given at all.
Citation method and style
- {{Citation style }}
- {{No footnotes }}